spillovers

Spillovers between R & D , product development and manufacturing be lost if manufacturers leave.

假如制造商都离开了, 研发 、 产品开发和生产等环节间的溢出效应就会丧失.

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Knowledge spillovers not only has economies of scale, but also has economies of scope.

知识溢出不仅具有规模经济, 而且还具有范围经济和联结经济.

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